Method and apparatus for equalizing concentration in boiler drums



Nov. 2 1926. 1,605,032

D. S. JACOBUS METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR EQUALIZING CONCENTRATION INBOILER DRUMS Original Filed Feb. 28. 1920 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 ,XEM

IN VEN TOR. M

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A TTORNEYS.

Nov. 2 1926.

' D. S. JACOBUS METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR EQUALIZING CONCENTRATION INBOILER DRUMS Original Filed Feb. 28 1920 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR.

ATTORNEYS.

Nov 2 1926. 1,605,032

D. S. JACOBUS METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR EQUALIZING CONCENTRATION INBOILER DRUMS Original Filed Feb. 28 1920 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 ZINVENTIOR.IF' BY A TTORNEYS.

Patented Nov. 2, 1926.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE. I

DAVID S. JACOIBUS. OF JERSEY CITY. NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR TO THE BABCOCK &\VIL- COX COMPANY. OF BAYONNE, NEW JERSEY, A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

METHOD. AND APPARATUS FOR EQUALIZING CONCENTRATION IN BOILER DRUMS.

Application filed February 28, 1920, Serial No. 362,005. Renewe'tl March18, 1925.

In steam boilers employing a plurality of drums through which the watercirculates, particularly when, as is usual, the boiler is made up of aseries of tubes in sets. each set associated with one of the drums andltl substantially independent of the other drums, there sometimes occursunder certain conditions of operation an unequal concentrain anothersection, so that there will be a balancing of the concentration ofsolids in the respective sections. thus causing each section to operatein substantially the same manner as the other sections, no matter how.long the boiler has been in operation.

lVith this and other objects in view, my invention consists of themethod and apparatus herein described and more specifi cally pointed outin the appended claims.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a sectional side elevation of one form ofboiler embodying my invention: Fig. 2 is an enlarged rear elevation of aportion of Fig. 1 with the lower part out on the section line 22 of Fig.3; Fig. 3 is a side view of a portion of Fig. 2 with some of the partsbroken away; Fig. 4 is a. plan view and Fig. 5 a sectional elevation onthe line 5 5 of Fig. 4 of a modification of my invention, and Fig. 6 isa plan and Fig. 7 is a sectionalelevation on line 7-7 of Fig. 6, ofanother modification of my invention. Like reference characters indicatelike parts in the several views.

In Fig. 1, I have chosen for purposes of illustration, a boiler of theBabcock & Wilcox type having a set of water tubes 10, each vertical rowof which is expanded into a vertical downtake header 11 and a verticalup take header 12. Each downtake header has a nipple 13 connecting theto of the header with one of the upper longitudinal drums 14, 15 and 16,and each uptake header 12 has a nipple 17 connecting it with one of thelongitudinal drums 14, 15 and 16 at the front end thereof. In the formshown, each of the drums is provided with a cross box so that thenipples 13 and 17 will be parallel to each other but, obviously, anyother form of connection between the nipples and the drums may be used.

The upper drums are provided with the usual splash pates 1o titted abovethe top of the uptake headers 12 and the feed water for the boilerenters the front end of each of the longitudinal drums 14, 15 and 16through the pipe 19.

. In the normal construction of the boiler. it will be noted that eachdrum hasassociated with it a certain number of the tubes 10 and of thedowntakc and uptake headers 11 and 12, together with the nipples 13 and17' connecting the respective headers with the drums. The water in eachsection will circulate by passing upwardly through the headers 12 intothe drum and thence rearwart'lly to the nipples 13, down which it passesto the headers 11 and then again to the tubes 10. As will be seen by aninspection of Figure 3, it the arrangement of the bent pipes, thereinshown, is disregarded, each section is entirely independent of the othersections, so far as the water circulation due to the heatingan-devap'o'rating action, is concerned. Consequently, if forany reasonthere is greater evaporation in one section than in another, any solidsin the water will become more and more concentrated in that section withthe arrangement of such boilers as have heretofore been made.

Unequal concentration in the sections may also arise from supplying morefeed water to one of the sections than to the others.

There is a' connection between the eirculation of the section which issecured through the mud drum 111 of the boiler.

-As is well understood, the feed Water is supplied to each of three ofthe drums, one of the feed water connections which enter .the frontheads of the drums above the uptake headers being shown at 161 inFig. 1. Should more feed water be fed to one drum than to theothers,'the water will flow from the drum receivingthe most feed waterand Ill poses that the amount of water blown off from each drum with itssections through the blow-oft valves marked 162 in Fig. l is the same ineach case, a blow-ofi valve being provided for each drum with itssections. I overcome any unequal concentration in the several sectionsby diverting some of the water circulating in one of the sections so asto cause it to flow into another of the sections. and by thusinterct'mnectii'ig the several sections, 1 equalize the concentrationtherein, this concentration being mostap parent where the sections arenot interconnected, in the drums in which the largest quantity of thewater is evaporated in proportion to the amount of the water fed to thedrum.

The means shown in Figures 1. 2 and 3 represents one simple manner ofcarrying, out my invention. In this form, the two end downtake nipplesofadjacent sections are curved, so that the nipple connected with one drumconnects with a header, which, in normal construction, would beconnected with an adjacent drum. This change is made in each end nippleof adjacentsections. For instance. the nipple 132 connects the drum 14with a header, the tubes 10 of which, at the opposite end, connect withan uptake header 12 through which the water passes through the nipple 17to the drum 15. Similarly, the nipple 133 connects the drum 15 with adowntake header, the tubes 10 of which, are connected with an uptakeheader 12 through the nipple 17 with the drum 14. It will thus be seenthat, in the onstruction illustrated, some of the water which iscirculating through the drum 14 is carried rearwardly into the drum 15,and similarly, water from drum 1:) is carried into drums 14 and 1(3 andso on. and this is done without disturbing the normal circulation in theseveral sections.

Instead of using the nipples such as 132, 13;}, as a means for divertingthe water from one se tion to another. I may employ the arrangementshown in Figures 4, 5, 6 and 7 in which connecting pipes are placedbetween the drums.

In Figures 4 and 5, a pipe 20 connects the drums 14 and 15, so as tolead water from the front of the drum 14 to the rear of the drum 15.Similarly, a pipe 21 connects the drums 14 and 15. Zach of the pipes 20,21 has one end located within one of the drums 14, 15 beneath the splashplate 18 and below the waterlevel in the drum. Since, in the form ofboiler shown in Figure 1, the circulation of the water in the drums isfrom the front to'the rear, consequently. some of the water in each ofthe drums 14. 15 will pass into the pipes 20, 21 and will be carried tothe rear of the opposite drum to there enter the circulation in thatdrum. In case the concentration becomes higher in one drum than in theother, the water in the drum which has the highest concentration willraise to a higher level than in the other and this action will in itselftend to cause a flow of water from one drum to the other through thepipes which connect the drums. thus mingling the water and assisting inequalizing the conccntration.

1n the form shown in Figures 6 and 7, the pipe 201 is made to projectdownwardly through the splash plate 18 and then leads rearwardly for ashort distance, and then out into the side of the drum 15. Similarly,the mouth of pipe 211 is beneath the splash plate 18 in drum 15, andpasses out through the drum 15 and connects with the drum 14.

In each of these cases the entrance to the pipe is placed above thenipple 17 so that some of the water flowing up from the uptake headers12 will pass into the pipes 201, 211 and from thence into the adjacentdrum to enter the circulation thereof.

While, I have illustrated the form of my invention shown in Figs. 4, 5,6 and 7 as applied to two drums only, it will be understoodthat it maybe applied to any number of drums, each of'the drums of a boiler,regardless of the number of such drums, being preferably connected toanother drum so that water will pass from each drum of a set to anotherdrum of a set.

'hile I have shown my invention applied to a boiler of one definitetype, it will be understood that it is applicable to any boiler in whichthere are a plurality of definite sections in which the possibility ofundue concentration in any one of them is possible.

1 claim 1. A steam boiler comprising a plurality of sections, eachsection having a drum, a plurality of water tubes, downtake and uptakeheaders connecting the tubes, and hipples connecting the headersrespectively with the opposite end of the drum, one of the nipples ineach section being connected with a header in another section.

2. A steam boiler comprising a plurality of sections, each sectionhaving a drum, a plurality of water tubes, downtake-and up take headersconnecting the tubes, and nipples connecting the headers respectivelywith the opposite ends of the drum, one of the downtake nipples in eachsection being connected with a downtake header in another section. v

3. A steam boiler COIHI'JIlSlHg a plurality of sections. each sectionhaving a drum, a plurality of uptake and downtalce headers, nipples,each connecting one of the leaders with one of the ends of the drum, aplurality of water tubes ehtending between each uptake and downtakeheader, and a nipple connecting the drum with a header in anothersection.

4:. A steam boiler comprising a plurality of sections. each sect-ionhaving a drum, a plurality of uptake and downtake headers, nipples, eachconnecting one of the headers with one of the ends of the drum, aplurality of Water tubes extending between each uptake and doWnt-akeheader, and a nipple connecting the drum with a downtake header inanother section.

5. A steam boiler comprising a plurality of sections, each sectionhaving a drum. a plurality of uptake anddowntake headers,

nipples, each connecting one of the headers with one of the ends'of thedrum, a plurality of water tubes extending between each 11ptake anddowntake header, and a connection between ea'eh drum and one of theheaders in another section.

DAVID s. JAGOBUS.

